The Many Options Of Custom Modeling Rendering... Which One Will You Choose?

Modeling Rendering Software That Can Create Hair and Fur.

You might not be a graphics artist, a game designer, an architect, or an engineer and possibly just beginning your online and computer experience. So if you are new to the world of modeling rendering, custom modeling rendering options might seem confusing initially.

In fact, the type of modeling rendering software and effects you see or may use will depend on the purpose.

Let's take a look at architectural rendering. One purpose such as architectural rendering might require certain software programs that will likely focus on textures, shading, perspectives, and realism. Real life objects can be modeled when using the proper software program and achieve photorealistic effects employed in artwork, landscaping, engineering or other applications.

On the other hand, game object rendering is somewhat different. The concept is to convey the concept of motion and effects near 30 frames per second and less emphasis is placed on detail instead of camera effects.

If you are understanding this so far and even know what your end result will be, then maybe a specialized custom modeling rendering software would definitely be for you. Of course, you may need adequate time and a good measure of willpower. Software program decisions will depend on your end use and whether you are looking for real time modeling rendering or non real time more detailed rendering.

If you still don’t feel like you understand the process of modeling rendering or trying it yourself, there are custom rendering services available. Interestingly, or not, these are not solely used by the non professional graphics artists and creative individuals, but by professionals as well who possibly will possess the software and skills but want to focus on the creative end of things besides modeling rendering. The thing to consider here is time versus results.

Software Mesh Lab 1.10 Software for Modeling Rendering

As with any service, you should make sure it is reputable before choosing to use it. Examine their portfolios and samples. Credible custom rendering services want you to contact them and therefore will make sure that their contact information is accessible. Such respected organizations and businesses providing these types of services will be particularly helpful in answering any questions, and also producing quotes.

If you're thinking about asking for a custom modeling rendering, then be specific with your request. Specify what exactly you need it for, what delivery format it needs to be in, and provide lots of images if needed or drawings. The more specific you are for your request plus the more information you supply, the more likely you'll be pleased with the results as well as the product ordered.

Custom render services are considered optional if you know what you need and a rendering service offers pre-made models. In many cases, rendering services can have ready-made exclusive and non exclusive 3D rendering models readily available. The advantage to these would be that the delivery is very much faster than a custom modeling rendering. It is best to understand though the differences between exclusive and non exclusive objects before you order. Exclusive means the product is sold only once and no one else will have an opportunity to purchase that exact same model, while non exclusive is offered usually for a reduced price but will be sold repeatedly. Either type has its own advantages and disadvantages so recognize what you need beforehand. In addition, various rendering services will customize pre-made objects for a fee.

You can easily get discounted high-quality custom modeling render services or download stock rendered 3D models from Flat Pyramid - the best website for custom stock 3D models and render services.

How To Best Use Custom 3d Models To Get Realistic 3d Face Modeling

Face 3d modeling is done using stock or a custom 3d models that are created with relative smooth and clean meshes and have quite a bit of details. They can also be started using face recognition devices and processing software. Below, we discuss the first approach to achieve realistic results.

You can cut down time and production costs if you purchase a 3d model from a 3d marketplace to use in your face 3d modeling and animation. Using a ready made 3d model will help you a lot during your face 3d modeling process. However, remember that when you use one that has already been made, you will have to add your own features and you will have to change it so it can be unique.

To start, lets look at the help you get when using this approach to start the process. Custom 3d models allow for an easier way to obtain the right proportions for the 3d face and also the necessary details that are needed to ultimately meet your needs for the face 3d modeling project.

Custom 3d models give an easier way to obtain the right proportions for the 3d face and also the level of quality and detail that are needed to satisfy the need. There are many advantages to using a custom 3d model to start the process including getting realistic location of the eyes, eyebrows, face, mouth and other proportions.

For instance, if you want exclusive licensing rights for the 3d face to use it for a character or project, then you will probably need custom 3d models. However, you can always get practical and not require exclusive rights so you are more able to get a quality one that's already made and may even include rigging or facial movements.


Bear in mind that to use the 3d face model or to change any of the facial features or expressions, specialized 3d modeling and rendering abilities are required throughout the face 3d modeling process in order for a proper mesh to be achieved and to render it like a human face. It is safe to assume that in most cases, it is highly desirable to change the stock 3d model so that it can be original.


In addition, most face 3d modeling almost always involves further processing particularly when adding facial expressions such as happiness, anger, sadness, thoughtfulness, shyness, etc. In other words, you'll regularly find that most custom 3d models of the body need some or lots of additional manipulation to meet your clients needs including; accurate facial expressions, body motions, rigging, low polygon version for game engines and virtual worlds, scene setup, post production like adding the audio and so on.

There are many techniques you may use to create custom 3d models of human faces. To initiate this process quickly, try to get a starting model that will have the basic outline of the human shape, without all of the details. The referenced 3d model can be referenced from a photograph, video, or existing 3d models or even custom 3d models. Face 3d modeling involves using these already referenced points and then using them to build and customize it to include all the necessary details.

Facial expressions are achieved with the movements of the face muscles, such as the movement of the cheeks, nostrils, eyelids, upper and lower lips and also with small changes in the creases and wrinkles of the human face. These details that are added by the 3d modeler as visual cues are what convert a lifeless face into a human like face. Then, the 3d artist can use this custom 3d model and distill it to effectively create a look that is very realistic, saving time and money during the 3d face modeling process.

For instance we discussed above that one can use reference videos or photos. It is important to note that these references that are used to pinpoint the location of the eye corners, nose tip and mouth corners are obtain by using specialized face recognition software. The output of the face recognition software is used as the kick off point of the face 3d modeling, so then you can add a range of poses, facial expressions and speaking.

However, to achieve this level of accuracy and ultimately a realistic a human-like appearance, you'll need to use these specialized face recognition software to obtain the amount of facial points to go by and this can become costly. Often this high end capture devices and respective software are not available and can't be purchased due to their cost. Therefore, another cheaper way to achieve a very human look is to manipulate the custom face 3d modeling until you achieve what your client specifically needs, without the added expense and overhead of getting capturing devices or specialized software.

See more examples of face 3d modeling with these highly realistic renders. If you need 3d models customized, let us customize it for you, we offer high quality custom 3d modeling and rendering at affordable rates.

The Uses of 3D Architectural Visualizations in Real Estate

3D architectural visualizations are used in the development of new and existing real estate properties to aid in selling properties or leasing space in advance, visualizing how a building or structure will actually look after re-modeling, and to show the details of existing structures for maintenance, inspection, procuring, etc.

Well designed 3D architectural visualizations do sell commercial property and family homes. They will typically show the potential home buyer many details about the home that simple pictures do not show.

Also, 3D architectural visualizations allow the potential homeowners to view the property, even in the pre-construction phase. Thus, allowing any changes to be made before construction which typically saves time and money. Therefore, architectural visualizations must be appealing, accurate and have the ability to provide the home buyer an instant visualization of what an existing or future home will look like.

Very often, 3D architectural visualizations are created to be of such high accuracy, with very realistic details, that they mirror the design of the property and sometimes even the interior furnishings. You can compare the 3D models to the finished building, family home, or interior space and potentially find very few differences.


A 3D architectural visualization offers a glimpse into the interior and exterior of a building, structure, or skyscaper to see its depth, its details and its developments that are not evident from simple pictures or technical drawings. 3D archiitectural visualization are created through the same processes as 3D models, as 3D visualizations are essentially 3D models rendered and/or animated with the desired textures, lighting, effects, etc.

3D architectural visualizations are used within real estate groups to pre-sell condominiums, attached and detached houses to consumers pre-construction. With the use of 3D visualization, virtual tours can be conducted throughout the property, through each room, hallway and floor plan

How are these 3D visualizations created for real estate? First, these renderings are taken from the plans for the building, beginning from the floor plan up. The floor plans are used to create an entry point that adheres to the shape of the property. After the basic floor plan has been created, and walls have been created, the surface details are designed. These details include countertops, furniture, wall color and texture as well as any structural details.


These 3d visualization become very important marketing materials are essential when selling commercial and family properties, condos or when bidding for architectural and construction remodeling projects. The 3D models that used in the architectural visualizations are also used in promotional pamphlets and brochures.

The Advantages of 3D Modeling

3D modeling and 3D renderings serve multiple advantages in a variety of fields. Without these renderings, we would have no simplification in the form of animated video for complex processes such as surgery, or the complex journey through the digestive system.

Considering in the avenue of film, or in current events how time and cost consuming it could be to recreate an event such as a fire, or explosion that has occurred. The animation of 3D models allows artists to create these events using models, than rendering the models, which provides life into the structure to create a sequence of events.

The process of 3D modeling allows artists to learn a variety of techniques and forms to create models, animation and even visualizations. As these artists are taught varying techniques, productivity increases as each technique is best for create specific types of the models.

Using 3D models are learning tools are a business all in its own. We are each gifted with different abilities, and with these abilities comes different ways in which we are able to learn new concepts, easily and effectively. Through the use of 3D models and 3D visualizations we are able to create concepts which can easily be learned by visual or tactile learners. That is, those who learn best by visual recognition of an object, and those who learn best by being able to feel, or take part in an object.

We are able to create models that can mimic art through the use of complex lighting, and photo realistic capabilities created with 3D modeling software programs. We are able to create artistic 3D models, which can benefit the arts as providing another media. Sculpture is one of the earliest forms of 3D modeling, and now, we are able to take sculpture to a new level, with the use of 3D modeling software which can create new media.

The Benefits of 3D Modeling

3D modeling is beneficial for those instances in which we will benefit from seeing a physical object in a solid form. For this reason, 2D models cannot justify the results required from observing the model.

Medical surgery has come a long way, with the use of 3D models. Modern surgical tools have implemented schematics which include a 3D model of the body, showing the surgeon precisely where to create an incision or the exact location of a tumor that is to be excised. An x-ray, which uses 2D features and techniques, will not have this gravity throughout the surgery process, and can yield, at best, an estimation of where to cut.

If we think back to chemistry class, and the models in the textbook and in the classroom of the 3D representations of molecules, this is more than likely one of the most memorable influences that many students have faced when interaction with 3D models. Researcher, students, teachers and professors alike have benefited from the creation of 3D models.

Property development companies require 3D models of developments for planning committees, zoning, architects, and designers and most important, to pre-sell the properties before the buildings have been completed. Customers purchase the property based on the models alone, justifying the importance of creating accurate and concise 3D models, which can be rendered in the form of a tour of the unit.

Without 3D models and the rendering and animation of these models we would not have advanced graphics within video games and animated films. Not only are 3D models beneficial for entertainment purposes, but for teaching and instruction techniques, such as a 3D model rendered, to show the process of digestion within the human body. These 3D models engage the viewer and offer unique interaction that cannot be found in a 2D model.

Of course, there are always going to be objects that have shown better results when they are visualized in a 2D space, these are: the traditional x-ray, and perspective drawings.

The Many Features of Rendering

Within the rendering process of a 3D model, how are these models brought to life through the process of animation and then created through photo realistic techniques to become characters in the films and games that we, as consumers, have become familiar with? Through the powerful process of rendering, we can create characters, ready for film, that encompasses lifelike qualities – and here are the features that assist artists through this process.

The main qualities of rendering include: shading, texture and bump mapping, fogging, shadows, soft-shadows, reflection, transparency, refraction and reflection, depth of field, motion blur as well as non-photorealistic rendering. Although these techniques may seem confusing, once an artist has become familiar with photorealistic techniques and 3D rendering software programs, they will come to realize that it takes many of these features combined to create a successfully rendered 3D model.

Shading is an important part of a rendered model, as it gives light within the color and creates the appearance of shadows on a model, creating a lifelike appearance. It determines how the color and brightness of the surface of the model will interact with the lighting within the scene.

Texture and bump mapping give distinctive properties to the surface of the model and can create textures such as cloth, skin, or even liquid. Texture mapping is applied to surfaces on a large scale, and bump mapping to a much smaller scale, even as small as a pixel.

Fogging and shadows are both ways of playing with the light in a scene, and how it will interact with the 3D model. Fogging will create a dimming effect of the light through the atmosphere, and can create intense low-light features.

Inserting a reflection into an object allows the surface to appear mirrored, such as a surface of a window, piece of glass, or even something shiny within the scene. Transparency and translucency, all determine how light and other objects will pass through certain parts within the scene. This is also important in the creation of windows, and glass.

Determining the depth of field within the scene of a 3D model means that an object such as the character will be in motion, and aspects or scenery in the background may appear to blur. Motion blur has the same effect when high speed or motion of the camera is simulated within the rendering programs.

Objects within the scene can be changed to appear as if they have been created manually, through the use of painting or drawing. These are referred to as non-photorealistic features, as they are drastically different from the features which are most often used.

Using these effects in conjunction with each allow scenes to be set that are realistic, believable or whimsical, depending on the degree to which feature is used.

Rendering a 3D Model

The process of 3D rendering allows the artist to generate a picture of the model, after it has been completed. This image is created by using specific aspects of the model, such as: texture, lighting and the shading of the 3D model. The results of this rendered object will create a final product, a product that the consumer is going to be most familiar with.

3D rendering refers to the animation of giving life to a static 3D model. Through the rendering process, animations are created by using computer software to give life to the model through photorealistic techniques. 3D rendering is actually the final process of creating a 3D animation through five basic techniques.

There are two rendering techniques, real time vs. non real time. The difference between the two effective rendering techniques is the speed in which the objects are shown within the scene. Real time renderings occur at a range of twenty to one-hundred twenty frames per second, where non-real time renderings occur much slower, and are suitable for feature films, and movies.

Depending on the complexity of the model that has been created, the rendering process can be very expensive. Rendered models are often created in pieces, by different artists working for the same company, on the same production and then pieced together using graphics software.

Rendering is also used during video to calculate the final effects, or to edit the video file through the creation process. It allows the artist to view the final project, before it has been completed, creating a valuable tool in the video game and animated film design industry. Through the video rendering systems, multiple images must be created, and rendered together to create the final image, which has resulted from one 3D model. Interestingly, the films that we have become familiar with are the result of static 3D models brought through the rendering process.

3D Modeling in the Medical Field

Creating organs through 3D modeling is the most common form of 3D models that are evident in the medical field. Most are less aware of the 3D modeling processes used in software for plastic surgeons. This software allows the user to input specific information and specific measurements to change, form, and model the shape within the software program.

On the first visit to a plastic surgeon, the doctor may ask which part of the body that the patient is concerned about. From this point, the doctor will create a treatment plan, or plan of action, to determine how the size, or shape of the body part will be changed. From this point, measurements will be taken of the patient, and the specific body parts in proportion to others and these figures will be implemented into the computer, allowing for an accurate 3D model to be created for the specific body type.

Although one model is used throughout the process, it is important to remember that the model remains the same throughout the process, only the dimensions of the model are changed. For this reason, the 3D model must be versatile, and ever changing with each patient.

Most medical software programs of this type a shell for the 3D model, rather than creating the inside of the patient. This information is not going to be pertinent as an example to the patient.

Some elite software programs allow the user to upload a picture into the system, after which a model is created within the program, from the information found in the file. From this information, the 3D model can be manipulated to suit the needs of the patient, and the guidelines of the procedure in which the doctor has elected to complete.

These are complex and expensive systems that require constant information updates, and rely on the basis that the 3D model created must be as similar to the patient as possible.

3D Ultrasound Technology

3D modeling technology has opened the doors to a variety of technological developments, especially in the medical field. One of these forms of technology, the 3D ultrasound, has become available to a wide variety of ultrasound laboratories throughout the country. This is a useful diagnostic tool in the management of pregnancy from the first to third trimester as now, we can determine much more than the sex of the baby, through non-invasive procedures.

In the past, this type of technology may have seemed impossible, but based on the technology that has been developed through the use of 3D models and 3D animation – we are able to transfer this media into health and diagnostic procedures in a variety of medical fields.

Through the miracles of 3D ultrasound, parents are able to view a video of the child within the womb, have color pictures and determine the sex of the baby, more effective and accurate than ever before. How does this 3D technology work? The waves, or beams within the ultrasound are reflected from the baby, back to the transducer and these waves project the image onto the screen, giving the image and the video of the baby within the womb. This technology can determine any abnormalities, as well as the age and size of the body.

The benefits of 3D ultrasounds, is that the waves used to look inside the body to determine the sex, health and size of the baby are non-invasive. These waves have been proven to not harm the baby inside in the womb, as well as providing no harm to the mother.

3D ultrasounds range in a variety of prices from $129.00-$400.00 depending on the location, and packages chosen at the laboratory location. Although many types of packages are available, even the most basic of packages enable premium features like a video of the baby in the womb, and 3D photos of the baby.

3D Model Animation – Setting up the Scene

Setting up the scene for the process of 3D model rendering which will animate the model are crucial to define how the model will interact with the scene in which it is placed. Some of our favorite animated films that are created with 3D models use thousands of hours of animations and techniques in lighting, shaping and shadowing of the model.

What supplies are needed to arrange these 3D models? Lights and cameras are two of the most essential elements in creating the scene for the animation of a 3D model. These elements work together to take a static 3d model into an animation with a personality, a life and the ability to interact with the scene.

Lighting has the ability to create shadows. When it comes to 3D models, shadows have two purposes. The first purpose is to give the animated model depth, and two, to anchor the model to the ground. The lighting can change the way that we perceive an object, and even change the visual appearance – through this perceived change.

Although the surface changes occur before the rendering of the model, lighting and shadows have the ability to change the appearance. Although rendering software allows the modeler to change the color or styles o the surface during rendering, most surfaces should be defined before the rendering process. Throughout the rendering process, textures can be changed with the implementation of a technique called texture mapping. Texture mapping allows the use of 2D techniques while applying bumps, color, or different textures to the surface of the 3D model. Texture mapping is only one of the many options we have throughout the rendering process of a 3D model.

When the model is placed within the scene to be animated, they are moving within the scene, most often, rather than the scene moving around the 3D model. Animation may occur within the 3D modeling programs, or in other animation programs, but creates the characters that we have come to know and love.

How to Profit from 3D Model Creation

A single 3D model can demand thousands of dollars in profit when sold to graphics or design companies. For a 3D model to command such a high price it must be highly accurate and lifelike.
Creating polygonal models has shown to be more profitable than creating other types of 3D models such as b-spline or NURBs 3D models. This being said, many buyers of 3D models take into account that NURBs models can be transitioned into polygonal models, but it is not possible to create a NURB model from a polygonal 3D model.

There are high market values for models that are lifelike – whether they are human models, organ models or models of household items or furniture. These 3D models are necessary within video games and other animations.

These lifelike models can take extensive periods of time to complete and therefore it is important to focus on specific aspects of the model. For example, when making a model of a popular vehicle, create the exterior of the vehicle first, but overlook parts of the vehicle that are not going to be required – such as the engine, or trunk.

In order for the artist to reach high earnings levels they must have an eye for detail and the know-how, and skill to create these highly specialized 3D models. Detail and versatility are the keys to selling designs in the 3D model business. When companies purchase models for thousands of dollars, they expect the models to transition into different formats with ease. Creating models that can transition easily yields more income than a static 3D model.
For these reasons, details such as texture should be avoided as many companies employ individuals that can add on this texture. As well, when an artist adds texture to a 3D model it can make the model hard to transition into other forms.

Using Maya to Create 3D Models

3D models created with NURBs method of modeling allow the user to use this program, Maya, to create adequate 3D models. This popular system uses Node based software that has been developed from the wave front explorer program. This program, written in C++ and is popular within many groups of 3D modelers, amateur and professional.

Artists have access to the latest 2009 version, released recently and can create models through the following three modeling methods: NURBS, polygon, and subdivision surfaces. Using these three modeling types allow the user to create a variety of models, using the most beneficial form to create these models.

Four types of animation are available while using the Maya software: key frame animation, nonlinear animation, path animation and motion capture animation. The artists are able to set constraints within the program, as well as use full form bodily movements with the creation of a skeleton. The benefits of programs such as these are the lifelike qualities that the models entail upon completion. Processes such as deforming, skinning, or using kinematics enable the user to create a diverse range of movement within the models, and diverse model creations.

Experts like Maya because of the capability to use a variety of rendering platforms throughout the process. Processes can be integrated from other programs, or even created by the user to increase the capabilities of the program. This capability are defined by the open render API, and is the sole reason that third party programs may be used to create the rendering systems.

When Incorporating difficult surface upon the 3D models is simpler when using the 3D modeling software program called Maya. With easy techniques to create hair, fur, or textiles – the user can integrate these surfaces with ease. Fluid effects such as smoke, water, or other elements within the environment are easily created as well, just adding to the popularity of the program.

Profiting from 3D Model Creation

There are many forums, websites and e-commerce organizations on the internet that enable profit from the creation of 3D models. For this reason, a good 3D modeler has many viable career options, from freelance to working with motor companies to create models of their latest vehicles. Through these forums, freelance work may be obtained on a regular basis. The ranges of pay in these freelance jobs can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars.

Should you choose a career as a freelance 3D modeler? It has been known that some 3D models have sold for as much as several thousand dollars. For some, this might seem like a payday, but for the artist who has spent countless hours creating each and every square inch of the 3D model to scale; this is viable for the fruits of their labor.

Is it feasible to become a freelance 3D modeler? Consider that the more intricate the design of the model, the more that the model will demand in the market. For example, a model of a table might yield $10.00 but a model of a specific model, make and design of a popular furniture designers might yield a hundred times that much. What is the point? It is important to remember that the more intricate and rare the 3D model creation, the more money that the artists will receive for the model.

What kinds of companies employ creators of 3D models? From motor companies, to video game designers to real estate development companies, there are uses for 3D model designers throughout the nation. It is important to remember that versatility is essential when developing a modeling portfolio and this strong portfolio will open doors to 3D modeling jobs of greater levels. Versatility to work with many programs, but to specialize in one design, as this could create ongoing employment with the right company.

The Market of 3D Models

There is a vast market for the sale of 3D models, textures which can be applied to the surface of these 3D models and scripts to perform applications within the 3D modeling programs. Forums, marketplaces and websites exist for the sole purpose of connection 3D modelers with those that want to purchase the 3D models for video games, films and other creative projects, and designs.

There are many ways that the modeler can create multiple profits from the creation of one 3D model. By selling the same model to multiple customers for this variety of purposes, artists are able to earn more money for each model that has been created in the past. Not only do the artists benefit from this venture, but the companies as well, as pre-made content is quicker to purchase, as it doesn’t have to enter the creation process, and comes at a lower price! The customer is allowed to use the model, but the artist retains the rights to the model, therefore the fee being paid to the artist is for usage, rather than purpose.

Many times, an artist will create a collection of 3D models of a similar theme, such as items found within a home, or items pertaining to vehicle construction. These collections are than sold as a set, on a CD or within a database of 3D models. These can lead to ongoing employment with clients requesting additional series for use in upcoming projects. After the client purchases the disc of 3D models they are able to upload the series into their database or animation programs to finally implement into the project.

Markets which purchase these discs range from computer video games, and other video game platforms, animated films, and computer generated graphics for design firms, and real estate. For this reason, artists have ongoing work – so long as there are being projects created!

Sources of 3D Models

There are two main sources of 3D models, those which are created within 3D software programs and those which are inputted into the computer through the use of photos, and are created with traditional artistry techniques such as sculpture with clay, or some of other 3D modeling form. These images are then scanned into the computer through the use of intricate scanning software that can detect the qualities of the image, and a model is created through the use of 3D modeling software programs. These two main sources of 3D models are the most popular methods of incorporating models into the software systems.

Procedural modeling is used to create plants, landscape and forms of architecture within the environment. This modeling is created through the use of database and line systems created within specific 3D model creation software. Algorithms are used to store data within the computer system, which essentially creates the formats needed to craft these models. Many times, when it is too cumbersome to create 3D models, these methods are used to create the model within a program.

There is a program referred to as a physics engine, which artists use to create behaviors of the models within a certain space. These types of engines are used to create anything from video games to movies. 3D modelers can create real-time models of the bodily movements required in these types of renderings through 3D models. It is important to have an understanding of basic principles of physics to understand how these physics engines work, and create models through the system.

Particle models are popularly created to craft 3D models which require the soft touches of the human body, or organic models. We need to use particle models, so the bodies do not become deformed throughout the 3D modeling process. Each type of3D model has a specific method in which they work best to create, for this reason – experience in the field creates the most experience model creators.

About 3D Modeling Methods

There are three methods used to create 3D models. Although these methods are considerably different, there are many similar aspects through the creation process. It is hard to say which technique is preferred, as it would depend on the 3D modeler, but polygonal modeling processes come as the easiest to render, and NURBS models are the most detailed. In between these two, we have spline modeling, which incorporates the techniques of both modeling methods.

The first type of 3D modeling which is spline modeling which falls right in the middle of the three forms of modeling. It is between NURBS modeling and spline modeling as it uses techniques of both, and implements curved lines to create the functional3D models. When it comes to the rendering process, the spline modeling method is second easiest to convert, making it a popular choice for modelers.

The second type of 3D modeling, polygon modeling uses points within the 3D space referred to as vertices, which are connected by lines – that work together to create a 3D mesh. Many modelers prefer this type, as they are very flexible, and the models can be rendered quicker than other forms of modeling. This means, that they can be made to move within a background, as the cells can be transitioned quite easily. Many, many polygons create a 3D model in this type of modeling. The majority of models that are built are built through this method, because of the flexibility that comes with polygonal modeling.

Lastly, the third type of 3D modeling is, NURBS Modeling and has grown in popularity, not only because of the effective procedures, but because of the transformation can occur throughout the process, making NURBS models some of the most versatile. Using the NURBS method of modeling creates curves with weighted points on the vertices of the model. It is preferred for detailed surfaces, as it creates actual curves, not tiny lines in a curve like appearance such as other types.

3D Models and Their Uses

3D or three dimensional models are used for a variety of purposes. Surgeons and filmmakers are only two of the many professions that use 3D models on a regular basis. 3D models are created by mapping various coordinates in a 3D space.

Medical professionals use detailed 3D models of organs to teach medical students, outline and plan surgical intervention as well as demonstrate procedures to students and patients. Plastic surgeons use detailed software to create 3D models of the body to demonstrate a “before and after” to the potential patient.

There are two types of 3D models: Solid and Shell. Solid models define the volume of the 3D model are solid, such as piece of stone. Solid 3D models may be used in many engineering models. They are used for simulations that are non-visual. Shell 3D models are more diverse and contain the outer layer, and represent the surface of a 3D model. Shell 3D models are used within filmmaking and video game creation to allow the user to manipulate the model as needed.



3D models have many benefits over traditional 2D models, such as: the flexibility that is offered with the use of 3D models – we can change angles, or create animated imaged much quicker than using two dimensional models. 3D models combined with software enable us to make instant calculations. This is one of the reasons why 3D models are increasing in popularity with earth scientists and engineers. Lastly, 3D models allow us to have a concise picture of an object which allows for higher levels of accuracy when building, designing or figuring. Additionally, 3D models have the benefit of becoming easily animated to see all facets of a structure or object. It is this feature, the ability of 3D models to be turned on a sphere, from the middle point that has increased the functionality of the renderings.

3D Model use in Graphic Design

3D models are used widely in graphic designs that contain 3D animations. A graphic is created by a coordination of points on a chart. A model does not become a graphic until it has been visually displayed by animation and rendering.

There are three parts to creating a 3D model within a graphic design. First, 3D modeling occurs in which a shape is given to an object using the coordination points. These points are graphed onto a chart. In the case of graphic designs, the majority of models will be shell models which can be easily manipulated for size and shape.

Next, layout and animations occur which give can give movement to the object within its scene. Next comes the process of rendering, rendering the 3D object refers to creation of images from that particular object. This particular step gives the spacing between the image and the scene in which it is found it with by special measurements. Layout determines how the object is going to move over time, and if any change will occur within the object.

Rendering is the process in which the animation is taken from a 3D model to a graphic. It includes the visualization of an image that can be manipulated with style or light. Rendering has two basic processes: these are, scattering and transport. Scattering defines how the surface of the object will interact with the light and transport defines the process of how light will get to one place or another.

There are two ways that a 3D image can be implemented into a software program. It can be created by the program, or another design program, or the image can be scanned into the computer with scanning software.

After a model has been rendered, it is easily transformed to 2D to ease the editing process, but the process of creating a 3D model from a 2D means the three step creation process must occur; (modeling, layout and rendering).

3D Model Use in the Medical Field

More than likely, the most familiar 3D model in the medical field can be seen on a visit to the local Doctor’s office. Within that office there are 3D structures of organs, from the heart and lungs to the digestive or skeletal system. These models are used for teaching anatomy or medical students, or used to demonstrate abnormality, disease or procedures to patients. Although the organs lie inside the body, the 3D models give the patient an opportunity to visualize the organ in the correct manner.

Software has made it possible for surgeons to create surgical plans, and be assisted throughout the procedure. Specific software renders 3D images of the organs that are to be operated upon.
These medical 3D models are accurate in size and shape but some also in detail – even texture. The models are created as similar to organs as possible. This feature allows surgeons to learn, before assisting with a procedure on a human body, to know the feel of an organ. Specific textures and materials are used to create 3D heart models, as the heart is certainly not made from hard plastic.

Some specialists, such as plastic surgeons render 3D models to allow the patient to visualize the results of specific surgeries. In this process, a picture is taken of the patient, or, a personalized 3D model is created through the use of software based on specific measurements and coordinates to create the desired changes, and visualize these changes – instantly!

3D models have become valuable teaching tools. Many websites allow the user the opportunity to gain valuable insight into the inner working of organ through 3D models. These models are beneficial to students in a secondary school level, all the way to students in a Medical Doctor program. The accuracy is pristine and the renderings allow familiarity, and are easier to learn than a two dimensional image on a page.

Polygon Meshes and their Uses in 3D Modeling

Polygon mesh is a collection of vertices and edges that make up the surface of the shell of the polygon model. Modeling processes use simplified surfaces allow rendering to occur with ease, as the simple surfaces can be transformed to move the way that the artist would like. A complete structure not only requires surfaces, but edges, polygons and vertices.

There are six aspects of mesh modeling, these include: vertices, edges, faces, polygons, surfaces and vertexes. These aspects become combined to create the polygon mesh that can be molded to the perspective of the artist. One or all of these aspects may be incorporated into the 3D model to create a full structure, which can be rendered.

A polygon is a set of faces on the mesh of the model. Faces are the different sides of the model, closed portions of the 3D model. Surfaces are the outside area of the model, and polygons are the shape of the model, as a whole – they assist in smoothing the outside of the model. Lastly, the vertices are points in the model used to coordinate faces and edges.

There are six ways that a polygon model may be represented. These are; face-vertex meshes, which are a simplified list of vertices and a list of polygons. Winged edge meshes refer to one of the heaviest of polygon representations and use two vertices, and two edges. Half edge meshes are similar to winged-edge meshes, using half of the information. Corner table meshes are the easiest meshes to convert, and the lightest but can be difficult to use, using a table to map the vertices. Quad-edge meshes use only half edges on the surface mesh. Vertex to vertex meshes is the simplest mesh to form, and are a primitive modeling form – where vertices are connected only to other vertices.

The Utah Teapot – the First 3D Model

The Utah Teapot is an integral part of the 3D model history and creation. For this reason, we recognize it as one of the first 3D models. Did you know that the Utah Teapot has been present in a variety of animated films which incorporate 3D models? The teapot appears solid, convex, and cylindrical throughout the teapot.

It was created at the University of Utah for the modeling and graphic design program, and has moved its way to becoming a standard reference in the world of 3D models. At its time, it was thought to be a complex 3D model, for the technology available at that time, after all, it was in 1975.

The cylindrical shape of the teapot meant easy translation from a rough sketch by the artist, Martin Newell, as an inspiration from his wife after she was having tea. Newell is a pioneer of the graphics program at the Utah, and sketched the teapot from eye, while sitting down to tea with his wife. After finishing the sketch, and edited the control points on the teapot. The saddle points, and the lighting used to create a shadow around the teapot, increase the illusion of the teapot being a real item.

Decades later, the teapot remained the inspiration for many 3D models, of different renditions and textures. Free versions of the teapot are available all over the internet, in the many different renditions. Although many free 3D models are available on the internet, the Utah teapot is available as one of the first models, and lead to the development of other household goods, and models.

Spline Modeling

Spline modeling, as with each other form, begins with the shape created, that will create the bottom of the object. As well, with each other form, the method is used to create 3D objects used within video games.

Spline modeling is one of the premier types of 3D modeling, one of the most effective, which is able to create complex curves using weighted points (referred to as vertices) on a line. This line is represented as curving, because of these weighted points. 3D modelers are able to change the visualization of the line be increasing or decreasing the weight on each of the curves.

Splines and patches modeling use these curved lines to create the appearance of the surface of the 3D model. For this reason, spline modeling methods are best when creating organic models such as people, vehicles with sleek and curved lines, and models organs which are used in medical practices.

There are two types of models that can be created using the spline modeling techniques, solid and shell. Solid 3D models and shell 3d models differ in the fact that solid models are created like a rock, and define the structure through the interior of the 3D model. Solid models are time consuming, and require additional methods when being used. On the contrary, shell models are created to represent the surface of the object, and not the volume. Most video game models use shell type of modeling, as there is no need to define the interior volume.

Spline modeling is most similar to the second type of modeling, NURBS modeling, which also uses genuinely curved lines to create 3D modesl. Using these curved lines ensures that the model will truly have a genuine appearance to its inspiration. In contrast, polygonal modeling using series of tiny lines to create the appearance of a curved line, but one of the disadvantages of this type of modeling, is that the line will never really curve, regardless of the amount of lines used to create the structure.

2D versus 3D Modeling Methods

Many times, modelers use a combination of 3D and 2D modeling techniques in the creation of a 3D model. With the combination of these methods, we receive the easy rendering processes that come with 3D model creation, and the ease in creating models that come with 2D model creation processes.

There are three main benefits to using 3D models, rather than 2D models. One, 3D models are flexible and can be changed or animated quickly, with quicker rendering time. Rendering time refers to the amount of time that it takes to give a model life, or animate it. Which brings us to the second benefit to using 3d models, this ease of rendering allows to physically create the model, rather than having to imagine the effects? Next, the accuracy is discussed. 3D models create an accuracy that cannot be created with 2D models. If a builder or a designer is able to picture the object or design in which they are building and consult with the rendering throughout the creation process, this ensures less mistakes are going to be made in the creation of the model.

Aside from these benefits come the disadvantages of creating 3D models, these are: the difficulty and practice that it takes a model to create lifelike models. Some of these effects are difficult to learn, and techniques mean additional time spent learning the software and creating the 3D model.

The significant differences that arise between the two forms of modeling are: the space in which the object is defined, and the ability to render such things as perspective, shadow and lighting, as well as other photorealistic effects.

In some professions, such as the medical profession, 2D models have been preferred in x-rays and other diagnostic forms because of the simplification that comes with reading the results, and abstract information can be difficult to detect within 3D models, therefore making representations difficult to create, and even more difficult to read!

The Most Iconic 3D Models

3D model have many uses in today’s society. Computer and video games, building structure design, automotive construction, and artistic and educational models all serve their purpose in their respective industries. The most well known and popular of these models claim their fame through their designers, and their timeless use in the field of education. Visual arts students use well known 3D model in their classes as a means of comparison to grade skill level and knowledge retention.

Of these models is the famous Stanford Bunny which was created by Greg Turk and Marc Levoy in 1994 at Stanford University, this model is mainly used as a data test, and has become a standard for testing graphics algorithms. Other iconic models, like the Utah Teapot, are used as standard references, and can be a tool for the education of graphic arts students in high schools and universities.

In the automotive industry, each car body design is first created as a model which is kept by the car companies as a keepsake and reference of where the company has been, and what paths to take in the future. 3D models are advancing with the use of high tech software and machinery, but there will always be the original models that will continue serving their purpose in the world of education and modern history.

The Importance of 3D Models in Video Games

Have you ever wondered who the masterminds behind the characters that are used are in your favorite video and PC games? Each large game producing company has a staff of creative designers that match voices with faces, and design body types, names, species, and all aspects that comprise the physical features of those memorable personalities. Before a character is even considered by the company to use in a game, the designers are in charge of creating a detailed and precise 3D model of the character in progress to express the ideas, features, and purpose of the character as it pertains to the game.

A designer may go through a dozen models before a decision maker is impressed, and characters may also be adapted from several models given. These model designers use high tech premium programs and software that allow them to have full control of their ideas, and the ability to create symmetrical and proportionally correct characters. These finished models are able to be translated straight from the computer to a fabrication stage, and through the use of laser cutting, or stereo lithography, are brought to life as to-scale representations.

Once approved, these characters are taken from the original software, and are worked into the games as seen appropriate by the creators. The use of models in the production ensures a smooth transition from an idea, to a digital model, to a physical model, to your computer or TV screen.

The Importance of Light in the Animation of 3D Models

As we are aware in our daily lives – light gives an object, or a room – life! The lighting of 3D models has two purposes. One, light produces a shadow which causes the 3D model to appear to be anchored to the ground and two, it adds depth to the model through the use of advanced shading techniques. These two uses for the shadow are one of the main differences between two and three dimensional 3D models.

Shading occurs in a 3D model when light is shone from one side of the object or one when the light that is shed is brighter on one side than the other. The intensity of the light shone on the object can even change the look of the 3D model. This is evident in comparisons seen in many textbook 3D model creation processes, a model without a shadow appears two dimensional in form, and shadows are one of the most important aspects in the creation process of a 3D model.
Shadows are also created with light, and as long as the 3D model is solid, than a shadow will occur. Solid models can be created to cast realistic shadows, depending on the angle that the light is exposed to the 3D model.

How are shadows created? Shadows are created within the software program and can be adjusted to look as realistic as possible. Different intensities of light can be formed to mimic different types of shadows – just as, different techniques can be used to manipulate these shadows.

What are the benefits of shadowing? Shadowing is one of the tricks that allow the viewer to form a realistic connection with the mode, while it locks it to the ground and gives it depth; it gains creditability as a moving, living, breathing object.

It is these shadows and shading cause 3D models to appear lifelike. The light angles can be manipulated into creating different percent of the 3D model within our minds.

The Importance of a Storyboard in 3D Modeling Animation

3-D modeling animation is a detailed process that begins with an idea, and is developed through a series of steps that ensure thorough and precise translation from mind to visualization. The most important part of this process is to have a storyboard prior to undergoing the production of the full video presentation. This is used during all three of the production stages; pre-production, production, and post production, and is a vital tool in creating a flowing moving animation.

The storyboard consists of a series of diagrams that show sketches of the video image, brief descriptions of the visuals that are to be implemented, notes for the camera operator and crew, and details of the audio that is to be associated with the visual presentation. When used correctly, the storyboard becomes a valuable reference to guide the crew through the production and post production stages. The goals are then unified, and there is less confusion in the process, resulting in a smoother transition from idea to reality.

The storyboard becomes the basis of the video or short animation that is being created. It provides a map for the project and way to measure the progress. There are thousands of storyboards created, even for the shortest of animation. The storyboard is an integral part of the animation process and dictates how the character is going to move within and interact with the surrounding scene.

With a storyboard, the production team is able to work with the ideas, and make changes while not disrupting the project as a whole. The storyboard is most commonly drawn out in card format with numbered pages so that it is easier to flip through the entire animation map without having to backtrack. More than any other tool, the storyboard is always considered the life-saver when it comes to video animation.

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Animating a 3D Model

Unlike movies that consist of many frames, 3D models cannot be animated by using the typical amount of frames per second which our eye attributes as blurring and creates on stable image – such as frames per second becoming the movies that we are used to seeing on a daily basis. Creating a 3D model that is to be used for animation is significantly different than creating a 3D model that will not be animated.

Creating a model for animation means that less attention will be paid to the background of the 3D model. Focus is going to be on what is moving within the scene, and this is the 3D model.
Using smaller textures within the shell of the model will mean less time rendering the model. Smaller textures are easier to translate and easier to convert. Throughout the rendering process, the model will be placed upon an axis in the scene that the model is to be placed – upon this axis the model will be turned each necessary way to interact with the scene. These smaller textures become easier to manipulate, as well as convert to digital media.

Animating 3D models consists of rendering, but specially includes additional blurring; this motion blur is also referred to as creative blurring. It allows us to perceive that the model has moved, but in reality – the model has remained within the same place throughout the scene.

To create these organic models, such as characters within an animated film, NURBs modeling is the preference of many, as the curved appearances on the shell can be easier to create but it is truly a matter of personal preference to the designer.

Animation of 3D models has brought us forward in technology and animations that we have come to know and love and allows us to use it as a valuable teaching tool in medical schools throughout the country.

Creation of a 3D Model Manually

In a world full of technology it is hard to imagine doing many of the things we do on a day to day basis without the use of the internet and software. The use of programs to assist in everyday life and the business world are crucial to the fast turn-around time demanded of most people’s lives. In the industry of 3D model creation, the use of high tech software is essential to keeping up with competition in the realms of movie makers, toy factories, and corporate businesses that require structure models, but what about manual model creation?

The art of model creation began before the use of PCs and started as a relaxing hobby. The use of clay, wood, metal and other more crude objects were the first materials used to create these models, and took skill and precision to create accurate to-scale recreations. Mathematics is a large part of manual model creation, and is still required in schools that train for model creation and similar professions.

Though it is not used as often (because of the use of high tech software) basic tools and mathematics are essential to creating accurate models, and is used as a test of the model creator’s true skills. Though technology is almost always faster and more precise, the art and skills involved in manual 3D model creation will always be revered as a true talent.

Creation Processes of 3D Models

Creating a 3-D model takes more than just a good idea. Though it starts with the brainstorming process, the creation of a proportionate 3D model is a compilation of detailed steps, starting with a sketch-up. One the idea has been drawn out in either graph format, simple sketch drawing format, or draft depending on the project. It is then brought to the design team (often times the creative and design team are the same department) to adapt a 3D model from the initial idea.
The next step is to put the idea in digital format with the use of manual manipulation and/or advanced software. For sign and construction companies this can mean the use of programs such as auto-cad that makes it easy to calculate proportions and relativity to the surrounding objects. For creative companies like video game programmers, this means the use of 3-D modeling methods such as Polygonal, NURBS, or Spline and Patching, all of which require the placement of lines and curves over the surface area of a frame to fabricate a life-like representation of the object, creature, or person to be modeled.

Once the finished digital design has been created, it is then sent to the production area to be completed. This can mean a factory that has a way of reading the digital information and the producing the materials, a high tech piece of machinery that uses lasers or some other form of fabrication that is programmed via the specs of the information, or the same software that is used to create the model, in some instances can be hooked up to the machine, and use a mold for the final result.

Which Modeling Method is best?

Though there are many questions as to whether or not there is one way to create a 3D model as opposed to another, the answer lies within each person’s applicable knowledge, preferred method of design, and preference to computer software. There are three main types of 3-D design that are used today, and are considered the most popular methods used by graphics design divisions in companies.

The first of these is referred to as “Polygonal modeling”, this methods uses linearly connected vertexes to create polygonal mesh that form the object. The majority of 3D models today are created using this method, as it is quick, flexible, and easy for the computer to process data input. The only disadvantage of this form of 3-D modeling is that all objects are made of tiny flat surfaces; even the curved shapes are approximated using flat surfaces.

The second method of 3-D modeling is called “NURBS” modeling. This type of modeling uses spline curves to create the appearance of life-like objects, and is put in place with the use of weighted control points. The most popular program that uses this form of design is called “Maya” and is well known commercial software. The surfaces created by NURBS are truly smooth, and though it is slightly more difficult than other methods, it creates a perfect system for organic 3-D modeling.

Splines and Patches modeling is very similar to NURBS and is also dependant on curved lines to define shape. It is between NURBS and Polygonal in its ease of use, and utilizes modeling techniques that have similarities to both. All three of these 3-D modeling methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and are dependent on the designer and their use for specific projects.

The Evolution of 3d Modeling

3-D modeling has not always been high-tech software, and detailed mathematical equations. Today, when you hear the phrase “3-D modeling” you may think of teams of men in glasses with specialized degrees, sitting behind giant computer screens computing intricate shapes and designs. Though this is a pretty accurate description of big-name gaming and video company’s design team, this is not how 3-D modeling began.

This useful form of representing larger objects to-scale on a much smaller scale began as a hobby, and started as a way to challenge the mind. Classic pieces include model airplanes, ships, buildings, and statues/famous land marks. The first 3-D modelers of course were not given a kit to work with, and had to calculate the sizes by hand with use of mathematical equations to bring the object to be modeled down to the desired size. Its use in the business world was soon discovered after the industrial revolution, and began as a representation of building structures, giving potential companies a physical means of presenting and altering ideas.

Today, 3-D modeling has been adapted to meet the needs of digital designers in the fields of movie making, video and PC gaming, and various other professions such as sign designers, and modern construction companies. All of these industries rely greatly on their teams of designers, and use computer programs and high tech machinery to carry out their ideas, and apply them to the work field. Though you can still find the die-hard manual 3D model enthusiast, 3-d modeling has come a far way from being just a favorite pass-time

An Introduction to Spline Modeling

A spline is defined as a special function involving polynomials in the mathematics realm. It can also be used to describe an alternative way to figure interpolation problems, and is an easier less governed function than polynomial interpolation. For those not familiar (or interested) in mathematics, the term spline may be more familiar as it pertains to computer science.

In this field, and subfields thereof, the term spline is frequently refers to as a parametric curve. The simplicity of their construction makes them a popular choice when designing digital models and their interactive curve design allows for easy manipulation. The word “spline” is adapted from the shipbuilding term that describes the flexible tools used by draftsmen and ship builders to easily draw accurate shapes. This simple concept has proven to be a reliable tool in the world of computer science.

Splines can be used in either one dimensional, or multi-dimensional applications, and are used in a wide variety of functions. They can be used to smooth dimension, or for the interpolation of these data dimensions. Smoothing splines aid with “cleaning up the rough edges” of 3D models, and are a vital part of quality designs.

The Creation Process of a 3D Model: Rendering

Rendering is the third and final step in the simple creation of a 3D model. Rendering refers to the image being visualized with images being created from the 3D model.

There are many features of a rendering, these include; transparency, shading, shadows, reflection, depth of field, caustics, fogging, bump-mapping and texture mapping. These features are the most commonly used when an object has been rendered.

The transparency of a rendering can be adjusted, and details the transmission of light through objects giving the viewer a line of slight through the object.

Shading of a rendering can be adjusted on the surface to create a darker or light effect. This is adjusted with how the light of the scene diffuses into the object.

The shadows of a rendering can be changed with the scene lighting. Some parts of the scene may be lighter than others therefore causing variations in the light that is shown in the object.
To incorporate a mirror effect on an object rendering will give a reflection, a sharp – shiny reflection of the object.

Depth of field can cause the focus of the object to shift, for example – part of the object in the foreground may be in clear focus, while object outside of the depth of the field will become less defined or blurry.

Using caustics while creating a rendering can illuminate certain parts of the rendering using highlights, mirrors and transparency tools.

Fogging an object in the rendering process directs how the light will dim while passing through air that is not clear, similar to the way that we see fog in real life.

Bump and texture mapping are both ways of creating surfaces upon the shell of the object. These incorporate texture and detail and add lifelike qualities to inanimate surfaces.
This overview highlights the most common effects used in the rendering of objects in the 3D modeling process. The options are practically endless, although most 3D modelists find these to be the most popular, and useful while creating 3D models.

3D Models for Use in Geological Modeling

Geological modeling serves the purpose of creating 3D models of sections of the earths crust. These 3D models are unique as they can be created with different types of simulations of rocks, even the types of cells within the rocks. 3D models allow seismologists to predict certain events within the crust of the earth from shifting plates to eroding areas of the crust, or new growth within certain areas.

The grid surfaces within the programs are created with diverse polygons representing different structures and types of surfaces. These geological models are created using polygonal modeling using a meshed shell to create a surface that has been triangulated for the specific area.
3D geological modeling incorporates many other aspects of the field, including; diagenesis, structural geology, paleoclimatology and sedimentology.

Oil and Gas industries use these models to determine how the ground will react when the drills are inserted. These models are used to plan for any disturbances that may occur, as well as any weak points within the crust that could cause difficulty. If an accident were to occur, the 3D model allows the engineers to determine a plan of action for a variety of outcomes that may occur.

3D geological models are also used to complete valuable calculations for use in geostatistics. Many times, geologists are unable to calculate what is within the rock or within the crust at certain areas and therefore it is important to have software that can calculate these variables. This data is not available on regular grids and therefore must be estimated in the most effective manner.

Many popular software systems have been developed to create these 3D geologic 3D models; Roxar, Paradigm and Jewel suite are only a sample of the programs available. These powerful software systems are able to display and calculate parameters required for many professionals involved in Earth Sciences.

Types of 3D Modeling: Polygonal Modeling

Polygon modeling refers to 3D modeling which use polygons to create the shell of a 3D model. The polygons are used to create the mesh surface with the uses of vertexes in a linear pattern.
There are three common shapes created with the use of polygonal 3D modeling; triangles, quads, and elements. Triangles are formed when three sided polygons are uses, quads are formed with four sided polygons are used, and an element is created by a group of polygons connected together at a shared point.

Mesh 3D modeling uses vertexes as coordination points on the surface where three of the five surfaces of the polygon are attached to one another. Two of these vertexes that become an edge are connected by a straight line and then, each one of the polygons that are used to create the 3D modeling figure.

Polygons are the most adept form of 3D modeling for a computer to create. They can be textured or create the appearance of curved surfaces with the use of many tiny lines.
Primitives are the shapes formed within the program within the modeling environment that can be used to create a mesh. 3D modeling primitives consist of spheres, cylinders, cubes, squares, triangles and discs. Spheres are created with the use of multiple triangles to create the curved surface required for the round representation.

There are six basic operations formed in polygonal modeling. Creations refer to a new geometrical shape being formed from another mathematical object. Lofting refers to the action of generating a mesh by continuing a shape over a pattern. Extruding also copies a shape, but over the period of a line rather than a space. Revolving refers to using a shape to rotating and copying the shape around a specific point and lastly, marching cubes which can create shapes using specific algorithms.

Creating 3D models with NURB Modeling

NURB modeling or, non uniform rational b-spline modeling creates 3d models with varying surface representations. This type of modeling allows for the curves that we see in sleek vehicle models and architecturally curved buildings.

Specific aspects of a NURB model include; knot vector, control points and the order of these items. Control points are arranged in a specific order, thereby creating the curve that is represented in the 3D model. Weight is applied to certain points on the curve and these weighted points account for the direction of the curve.

NURB models have grown popular in the creation of organic 3d models as the surfaces represented are actual curves, not tiny lines creating curved appearances like other 3D model creation software.

The use of NURBs within 3D modeling allows the user to create shape within its compact form. They allow mapping within the 3D space of the surface predetermined by control points. These control points determining the shape of the space, thereby resulting in a feasible 3D model.
The creation of NURBs has allowed higher level tools to be created. These tools include; positional continuity tools, tangential continuity tools as well as curvature continuity tools.
Some 3D model creation software has been created to use solely NURBs modeling processes. Maya is an example of this software. Maya has been adapted to use NURBs modeling and therefore is adequate for 3D modeling projects that require curved, detailed surfaces required in organic modeling.

There are many benefits to using NURBs curves in the creation of 3D models; they reduce the memory consumption when storing shapes, and using the curbs can create a wide variety of shapes in varying sizes. NURBs curves have the ability to be used in a 2 or 3D modeling space and therefore are a versatile design tool. The curves can be assessed using specific algorithms quickly and efficiently.

The Three Methods of Modeling

There are three types of modeling that are used to create a 3D model, these are; spline modeling, box modeling and poly modeling.

The first type of 3D modeling discovered is spline modeling. Spline modeling has also been referred to as patch modeling and allows a curve to be created with the use of two control points. These points are created in multiples to create the skeletal system of the model. This form of modeling is best for objects that are not going to be animated, as they require a lot of modifications to be suitable for the animation process. Cars, furniture and real estate models are examples of which types of models work best within the Spline modeling process. These types of models require an extensive amount of curved shapes and therefore work best with Spline modeling.

The modeling form that lies the most similar to sculpting is the technique called box modeling. It begins with a cube shaped, and details the object by removing layers or slices. Again, box models can be difficult to animate and take extended periods of time to create, and perfect. Box modeling is used for objects with hard lines such as tall, traditional buildings.

Poly modeling is also referred to as edge extrusion. It is one of the most precise techniques as it will begin with a 3D image consisting of points, which are built upon. These sets of four points are referred to as quads, and the second is attached to the first, and the third is attached to the second, and so on. The model is created from the bottom up, and can take extended periods of time but requires less adjusting than traditional modeling methods. Shell models, which contain the surface shape without an interior, can be easily created with poly modeling. The most advanced technique; poly modeling has been popularized with new technology and software.